No scientific data to offer, only my feeble observations, but:
The cleanest burning powders I've found are Vihtavuori and Universal Clays.
For.40S&W I load 5.0-5.5 grs of N320 or 6.5-6.8 grs of N340 for 165gr FMJ loads and 5.6-5.8 grs of N340 for 180 gr FMJ loads (VV).
I actually load much more Unique and HP-38/(231) for handguns than any other powder, primarily because I have more of it (It's cheaper, and I'm cheap) and find the accuracy to be very good in all my handguns. (9mm, .40s&w, 45ACP, 357 Sig, etc).
I will have to admit, however, that the VV and Universal Clays requires less cleanup.
There are many more clean(er) burning powders out there, these are simply a couple that I have experience with.